BLOOD TYPE
- The Basics of Blood Type
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Blood types are classified based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The two main antigen systems that define blood types are the ABO system and the Rh factor.
- 1. ABO System:
- - Type B: Has the B antigen on red blood cells and A antibodies in the plasma.
- - Type AB: Has both A and B antigens on red blood cells, with no antibodies in the plasma.
- - Type O: Lacks both A and B antigens on red blood cells but has A and B antibodies in the plasma.
- 2. Rh Factor:
- - Rh Positive (+): Indicates the presence of the Rh antigen (D antigen) on red blood cells.
- - Combining these systems, you get the following blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-.
- 3. Uses of Donations: Blood donations are used for:
- Blood Compatibility for Transfusions
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Blood compatibility is crucial to ensure safe transfusions. The wrong blood type can cause severe reactions due to the interaction between antigens and antibodies. Here's a breakdown of compatibility:
- 1. Universal Donors and Recipients:
- - Only PRBC From "O Rh Negative Group" can be given to any blood group Other than Bombay Blood Group Patient.
- 2. Compatibility for Red Blood Cell Transfusions:
- - Type O can donate to A, B, AB, and O.
- - Type A can donate to A and AB.
- - Type B can donate to B and AB.
- - Type AB can only donate to AB.
- 3. Compatibility for Plasma Transfusions:
- - Type AB is the universal plasma donor.
- - Type O is the universal plasma recipient.
The Importance of Knowing Your Blood Type
Knowing your blood type is valuable for a few reasons:
- - Medical Emergencies: In an emergency, knowing your blood type can expedite treatment.
- - Blood Donations: If you're an O- donor, your blood is especially valuable because it can be used for any recipient.
- - Organ Transplants: Blood type compatibility is crucial for successful organ transplants.